Preventing Heat-Related Illnesses: Recognizing the Symptoms of Heat Cramps and Heat Exhaustion

Introduction

Summers are typically enjoyable for everyone, but this year has been particularly challenging. The extreme heat has left us feeling drained and sweaty. While it's true that sweating is a natural way to cool down, too much of it can have negative effects. Excessive sweating means you've lost a significant amount of essential salts, putting you at risk for cramps or even heat-induced exhaustion.

What are heat cramps, and why should I be concerned?

Heat cramps are a bit of a mystery—we're not entirely sure why they occur. It’s believed they result from dehydration and the loss of vital electrolytes. Research in controlled factory settings shows that workers who drank sodium-rich beverages had better performance and fewer cramps. Key features of heat cramps include:

• They are painfully annoying.

• They are brief but can be intense, leaving you writhing in pain if severe.

• They occur in short intervals, lasting only a few seconds.

• They usually resolve on their own. (Yay!)

What is the treatment for heat cramps?

To treat heat cramps, rest and rehydration are essential. If nausea prevents you from drinking water, an IV may be necessary to rehydrate. Electrolyte solutions can also be beneficial if used in moderation, though they have limitations.

What is heat exhaustion, and what symptoms should I watch for?

Heat exhaustion is a more severe condition that can develop after prolonged sun exposure without adequate shade or hydration. It can result from dehydration or electrolyte loss. Symptoms of heat exhaustion may include cramps, dizziness, nausea, or vomiting. You might also notice excessive sweating, a rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), goosebumps in hot weather, or pale skin. While not as severe as heat stroke, heat exhaustion requires attention, as prolonged symptoms could lead to brain or organ damage. Recognizing these symptoms is key to preventing heatstroke.

Treatment for Heat Cramps:

Though brief, heat cramps can significantly impact your well-being. If you suspect overexertion, immediately hydrate, remove excess clothing, and cool down with a fan or shower. If you don't feel better within 15 minutes, seek medical attention promptly.

Government of India Guidelines for Heat Safety:

• Stay indoors between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. whenever possible.

• Use an umbrella when outdoors.

• Consume home-cooked meals and avoid stale or raw foods.

• Hydrate regularly, and don't wait until you're thirsty to drink water.

• Never leave children, pregnant women, the elderly, or pets in parked vehicles.

• Ensure proper cross-ventilation in your home and workspace.

• Take cooling baths during the day.

• If hosting visitors from cooler climates, advise them to acclimatise gradually and stay vigilant

What steps can we take to ensure everyone's safety?

Each of us must take responsibility for our neighbours while also prioritising personal preparedness. To stay safe in the heat, consider the following actions:

• Regularly check the weather app on your phone to plan your travel or outdoor activities accordingly.

• Create cool spaces in public buildings like schools, libraries, hospitals, and shelters.

• Outdoor workers are particularly vulnerable during summer. Ensure they stay hydrated with water, buttermilk, or coconut water. Use fans or other cooling devices in common areas, and provide hats, sunglasses, and appropriate clothing. Encourage breaks to prevent overexertion.

• Pay attention to community practices, such as offering curd rice or buttermilk in places of worship during summer.

• Organise drives to distribute water, food, or sunscreen, and set up cooling stations in remote areas.

• Personal preparedness is crucial. Apply sunscreen diligently for your health, carry an umbrella if you're out between 10 AM and 4 PM, and stay hydrated.

By adopting these measures at various levels, different groups can collaborate to create a comprehensive strategy that helps prevent heatstroke and save lives.

Conclusion: Stay safe in the summer heat by following essential precautions and recognizing the symptoms of heat-related illnesses. Malla Reddy Narayana Hospital offers expert care for heat exhaustion and other summer health concerns.